Which term refers to the critiques and evaluations of spoken language?

Metalinguistics refers to the ability to think about and analyze language as an object of study, which includes critiques and evaluations of spoken language. This concept involves recognizing the structural features of language, understanding how language functions, and being able to reflect on the use of language itself. Metalinguistic awareness allows individuals to manipulate language, identify nuances in meaning, and evaluate language use in various contexts.

In contrast, the other terms relate to specific aspects of language use; phonology focuses on the sounds used in language and their systematic organization, illocutionary deals with the intended meaning behind utterances in context, and perlocutionary concerns the effects or outcomes that a speaker's words have on a listener. These distinctions highlight that while they all relate to language, metalinguistics specifically addresses the analysis and critique of the language itself.