Which of the following is an expected impact of a phonological disorder?

A phonological disorder primarily affects a person's ability to understand and produce the sound system of their language, which includes rules for combining sounds into words. As a result, individuals with phonological disorders may struggle with word formation rules, which are the guidelines for how sounds come together to create meaningful words. This can lead to difficulty with both speech production and comprehension.

Phonological disorders differ from purely articulation issues, which refer specifically to the physical production of sounds, rather than the broader system of sound patterns in a language. Therefore, while articulation might be affected, a phonological disorder involves deeper cognitive processes related to understanding how sounds function together within language structure.

Additionally, fluent speech without errors would not accurately describe an individual with a phonological disorder, as these individuals typically demonstrate disruptions in their speech patterns. Enhanced vocabulary skills are also unlikely, as difficulties with sound production and understanding can hinder a person's ability to learn and use new words effectively. Thus, problems with word formation rules are a central component of phonological disorders.