Which characteristic is associated with Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)?

Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) is primarily characterized by cognitive impairments and behavioral issues. Individuals with ARND may exhibit issues such as difficulties with attention, memory, problem-solving skills, and a range of behavioral challenges including impulsivity and difficulty regulating emotions. These characteristics arise due to the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on brain development, particularly affecting areas responsible for cognitive function and behavior.

While social communication difficulties may also be present, they are often secondary to the broader cognitive impairments. Distinct facial features are typically associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), rather than ARND, which can occur without these features. Chronic diseases do not directly characterize ARND, but rather reflect potential health issues that can accompany developmental disorders in general. Therefore, the focus on cognitive impairments and associated behavioral issues solidifies why this is the characteristic most closely associated with ARND.