What is the primary definition of literacy?

The primary definition of literacy is fundamentally centered around the ability to read and write, which encompasses understanding and using written language effectively. Literacy is a critical skill that enables individuals to access, interpret, and engage with written information, making it essential for communication in many aspects of life, including education, employment, and daily interactions. Being literate means not only having the skills to decode text but also being able to comprehend and apply what is read in various contexts.

In contrast, the other choices focus on different areas of skill or knowledge. Understanding complex mathematical concepts relates to numeracy, which is a separate domain from literacy. The ability to communicate verbally with others pertains to oral language skills, which, while important, do not encapsulate the full extent of literacy as it specifically relates to reading and writing. Mastery of a second language, although it can enhance literacy, does not define the broader concept of literacy, which applies to reading and writing in any language. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the foundational aspects of literacy in relation to written language.