What happens during the process of language loss when learning a second language?

During the process of language loss when learning a second language, it is common for vocabulary in the first language to decrease. This phenomenon, often referred to as the "iceberg effect," suggests that as individuals become more proficient in a second language, particularly in immersive environments, their first language skills may diminish due to lack of use.

The dual demands of mastering a new language can lead to decreased exposure and practice with the first language, resulting in reduced vocabulary and fluency. This is especially evident in cases where the second language becomes the primary means of communication, leading to what is sometimes called "first language attrition." Therefore, as one focuses on developing skills in the second language, it is not uncommon to see a decline in the quantity and quality of language skills in the first language.

Maintaining language skills in the first language is not typical during this transition; instead, individuals may find that their vocabulary and overall expressive capacity in their native language begin to weaken. This salient aspect of bilingualism highlights the dynamic nature of language acquisition and loss.