What does articulation refer to in the context of speech disorders?

Articulation in the context of speech disorders specifically refers to the planning and execution of gestures of the speech organs. This involves the precise movement of various parts of the vocal apparatus—such as the tongue, lips, jaw, and palate—necessary to produce clear and intelligible speech sounds. Proper articulation is critical for effective communication, as it influences how accurately and easily speech can be understood by listeners.

When considering the other options, memorizing speech patterns deals more with cognitive aspects of language rather than the physical production of speech sounds. Emotional expression during speech pertains to the expressive quality and tone rather than the articulatory process. Lastly, fluency is related to the flow and rhythm of speech, which is distinct from the clarity and precision of sound production that articulation encompasses. Understanding articulation in this way highlights its fundamental role in the overall ability to communicate effectively.