What are the melodic components that modify meaning in speech called?

The melodic components that modify meaning in speech are referred to as paralinguistic features. These features include aspects such as intonation, pitch, tone, loudness, and rhythm, which add layers of meaning to verbal communication beyond the actual words spoken. For example, a rising intonation at the end of a statement can indicate a question, while a lower pitch may convey certainty or seriousness. Paralinguistic features are essential for conveying emotions and nuances in spoken language, allowing listeners to interpret the speaker's intent and feelings more effectively.

Understanding paralinguistic features is crucial for effective communication, as they help clarify or change the meaning of verbal messages. For instance, saying "That's great!" with an enthusiastic tone communicates a very different sentiment than saying the same words with a flat or sarcastic tone. This complexity and richness of meaning highlight the importance of paralinguistic features in speech.