At what age is reduplicated or canonical babbling not typically produced in children with hearing loss?

Reduplicated or canonical babbling typically develops around 6 to 10 months of age in hearing children as they begin to experiment with sounds and practice the rhythm and intonation of speech. For children with hearing loss, however, this stage of babbling can be significantly delayed or may not occur at all. By around 10 months, children with normal hearing usually engage in a more complex production of sounds, including canonical babbling, which consists of repeated syllables like "bababa" or "dadada."

In children with hearing loss, factors such as the lack of auditory feedback can hinder their ability to produce balanced speech patterns, leading to a delay. Thus, by the time children reach approximately 10 months of age, we would expect to see canonical babbling in typically developing children, whereas those with hearing loss may still not have developed this milestone. This makes 10 months the typical age at which we can expect to see reduced or absent babbling in children with hearing loss compared to their hearing peers.